Environment Related Funding Mechanism
CONTENT
This is
the First part of the series. All necessary information from
UPSC point of view are covered so you don't have to refer to other sources.
Global Environment Facility (GEF)
Comparison
table for easy reference
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ODA
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GEF
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When
Setup?
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1969
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1991
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By
Whom?
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DAC
of OECD
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WB
+ UNDP + UNEP
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Why?
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· Indicator
of international aid flow to developing countries.
· Key
measure in all aid targets and assessment of aid
performance
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To
meet the objectives of environmental conventions and
agreements.
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Funds
available to?
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· Countries
on the DAC List, multilateral institution
· Public
officials only
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· Developing
countries and countries with economies in transition
· GEF support is provided to government agencies,
civil society organizations, private sector companies, research institutions
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Focus
Area?
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Economic
development and welfare of the developing countries
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Global
Environment and sustainable livelihood
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Type
of Financial Assistance?
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Loan
+ Grants
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Only
Grants
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India
– Receiver/Donor?
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India
is a Receiver
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India
is both a donor and a Receiver
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Green Cross
International was founded in 1993 (Kyoto, Japan) to build upon
the work of the Summit. To help ensure a just, sustainable and secure future
for all by fostering a value shift and cultivating a new sense of global
interdependence and shared responsibility in humanity’s relationship with
nature. After that, Thirty-one countries have established Green Cross National
organisations which are part of Green Cross International.
It is a global independent non-profit and non-governmental environmental
organisation (NGO) working to address
the inter-connected global challenges of security, poverty eradication
and environmental
degradation through a combination of advocacy and local
projects.
It was founded by former Soviet Union President and Nobel Peace Prize laureate Mikhail Gorbachev in 1993, building upon the
work started by the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Green Cross International has been an active player in the Rio+20 conferences.
GCI is headquartered in Geneva (Switzerland) and
has a growing network of national organizations in various countries
Green Cross International enjoys consultative status with
the United Nations Economic and Social Council (UNESC), and United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO).
GCI is an admitted observer organization with the
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the
Conference of the Parties to the UN Convention to Combat Desertification
(UNCCD).
It also cooperates directly with the UNEP/OCHA (Office for the
Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs) Environmental Emergencies Section,
UN-HABITAT and other international organizations.
Adaptation Fund
Background
The Adaptation Fund is an international
fund that finances projects and programs aimed at helping developing countries
to adapt to the harmful effects of climate change. It is set up under the Kyoto Protocol of
the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC).
The Adaptation Fund (AF) was established in 2001 to finance
concrete adaptation projects and programmes in developing country Parties
to the Kyoto Protocol that are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects
of climate change.
The Fund is financed in part by government and private donors,
and also from a two percent share of proceeds of Certified Emission Reductions
(CERs) issued under the Protocol’s Clean Development Mechanism projects.
The Adaptation Fund is supervised and managed by
the Adaptation Fund Board (AFB).
The AFB is composed of 16 members and 16 alternates and meets at
least twice a year. The World Bank serves as trustee of the Adaptation
Fund on an interim basis.
A majority of members–about 69 percent–represent developing countries:
(a) Two representatives from each of the five United Nations regional
groups;
(b) One representative of the small island developing States;
(c) One representative of the least developed country Parties;
(d) Two other representatives from the Parties included in Annex I to the Convention (Annex I Parties);
(e) Two other representatives from the Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (non-Annex I Parties).
(b) One representative of the small island developing States;
(c) One representative of the least developed country Parties;
(d) Two other representatives from the Parties included in Annex I to the Convention (Annex I Parties);
(e) Two other representatives from the Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention (non-Annex I Parties).
Initiatives are based on
country needs, views and priorities.
The Adaptation Fund is not based in any one location.
India and Adaptation Fund
Government has established National Adaptation Fund on Climate Change (NAFCC)
The objective of the fund is to assist State and Union Territories that
are particularly vulnerable to the adverse effects of climate change in meeting
the cost of adaptation. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development
(NABARD) has been appointed as National Implementing Entity (NIE) responsible
for implementation of adaptation projects under the (NAFCC)
Under this arrangement, NABARD would perform roles in facilitating
identification of project ideas/concepts from State Action Plan for Climate
Change (SAPCC), project formulation, appraisal, sanction, disbursement of fund,
monitoring & evaluation and capacity building of stakeholders including
State Governments.
The projects under NAFCC prioritizes the needs that builds climate
resilience in the areas identified under the SAPCC (State Action Plan on
Climate Change) and the relevant Missions under NAPCC (National Action Plan on
Climate Change).
Under NAFCC 100% central grant is provided
to the State Governments for implementing climate change adaptation projects.
The Scheme has been designed to fulfill
the objectives of National Action Plan on Climate Change (NAPCC) and
operationalize the State Action Plans on Climate Change (SAPCCs).
Under this scheme, Union Government
encourages States to come up with innovative and scalable projects to develop
resilience against climate change and mainstream it in the planning processes.
Objectives of the NAFCC:
1. Funding concrete adaptation projects/programmes aligned with the
relevant Missions under NAPCC and the SAPCCs in agriculture, horticulture,
agro-forestry, environment, allied activities, water, forestry, urban, coastal
and low-lying system, disaster management, human health, marine system,
tourism, habitat sector and other rural livelihood sectors to address climate
change related issues.
2. Preparing and updating climate scenario, assessing vulnerability and
climate impact assessment.
3. Capacity building of various stakeholders on climate change
adaptation and project cycle management and developing knowledge network
4. Mainstreaming the approaches/ learnings from project/programme
implementation through knowledge Management
As of now, there is no provision for any external assistance to
be credited to NAFCC.
References:
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